据海事新闻5月11日消息称，氢被认为是未来不可避免的绿色燃料。
在数十年来商船面临的最大技术挑战中，各公司正开始开发能向重工业输送氢的新一代船舶，押注世界各地的工厂将转向这种燃料，推动向低碳经济的转型。
相关公司对路透表示，至少有三个项目正在开发试验船，准备在未来三年内在欧洲和亚洲进行燃料运输测试。
主要的挑战是将氢气保持在零下253摄氏度(绝对零度以上20摄氏度，这是可能的最冷温度)，这样它就能保持液态，同时避免容器部分可能破裂的风险。
这比运输液化天然气所需的温度低将近100摄氏度，而大约60年前，液化天然气的运输需要一场革命。
日本川崎重工已经建造了世界上第一艘运输氢气的船Suiso Frontier。该公司告诉路透社，这艘原型船正在进行海上试验，预计未来几个月将从澳大利亚到日本进行约9000公里的示范首航。
川崎重工副总裁Motohiko Nishimura说：“该项目的下一个阶段已经开始运行，即在本世纪20年代中期建造一艘商业规模的氢运输船，目标是在2030年商业化。”
这个1250立方米的储氢罐是双壳真空隔热的，以帮助保持温度。
Nishimura说，川崎重工的原型船长116米，总重8000吨，将在首航时使用柴油，但该公司的目标是使用氢气为未来的大型商业船提供动力。
曹海斌 摘译自 海事新闻
原文如下：
The Race is On to Pioneer Hydrogen Shipping
Hydrogen is touted as an inevitable green fuel of the future.
In the biggest technological challenge for merchant shipping in decades, companies are beginning to develop a new generation of vessels that can deliver hydrogen to heavy industry, betting plants worldwide will convert to the fuel and propel the transition to a lower-carbon economy.
There are at least three projects developing pilot ships that will be ready to test transporting the fuel in Europe and Asia within the next three years, the companies involved told Reuters.
The major challenge is to keep the hydrogen chilled at minus 253 degrees Celsius—only 20 degrees above absolute zero, the coldest possible temperature—so it stays in liquid form, while avoiding the risk that parts of a vessel could crack.
That's almost 100 degrees Celsius colder than temperatures needed to transport liquefied natural gas (LNG), which required its own shipping revolution about 60 years ago.
Japan's Kawasaki Heavy Industries has already built the world's first ship to transport hydrogen, Suiso Frontier. It told Reuters the prototype vessel was undergoing sea trials, with a demonstration maiden voyage of some 9,000 km from Australia to Japan expected in coming months.
"There is the next phase of the project already running to build a commercial-scale hydrogen carrier by the mid-2020s, with an aim to go commercial in 2030," said Motohiko Nishimura, Kawasaki's vice executive officer.
The 1,250-cubic-meter tank to hold the hydrogen is double-shelled and vacuum-insulated to help maintain the temperature.
Kawasaki's prototype, a relatively modest 116 meters long and 8,000 gross tonnes, will run on diesel on its maiden voyage but the company aims to use hydrogen to power future, larger commercial vessels, Nishimura said.
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