据天然气加工 2021年3月26日休斯敦报道，美国天然气生产商越来越依赖向欧洲和亚洲出口液化天然气（LNG），以吸收其日益增长的天然气产量，并防止国内天然气价格因供应过剩而暴跌。
根据美国能源信息署（EIA）公布的统计数据，2015年至2020年，美国天然气产量(平均每年4.3%)的增幅约为消费量(2.3%)的增幅的两倍。
部分过剩的天然气被用来替代以前的进口天然气，其余的则通过管道或以LNG形式出口到美洲、欧洲、中东和亚洲市场。
美国的LNG年出口量已从2015年的不足10亿立方米激增至2020年的近670亿立方米，并迅速赶上对加拿大和墨西哥的管道天然气出口量。
去年，美国LNG出口占国内天然气总产量的7%以上，到年底这一比例首次达到了10%。
美国LNG出口市场增长最快的是欧洲和亚洲市场，而美洲和中东市场增长较小。
在2016年到2020年之间，美国对亚洲的LNG年出口量增加了220亿立方米，而对欧洲的LNG年出口量增加了200亿立方米。
在国际市场上，美国天然气与来自卡塔尔、澳大利亚和俄罗斯的LNG竞争；从俄罗斯和中亚到欧洲和东亚的管道天然气；以及用于发电和取暖的煤和其它燃料。
因此，确保进入出口市场已成为美国天然气行业和美国外交官的首要任务。
美国LNG出口有助于其他国家和地区的能源安全，同时在美国可以提供更多就业机会。
李峻 编译自 天然气加工
原文如下：
U.S. gas industry increasingly relies on LNG exports
U.S. gas producers have become increasingly reliant on LNG exports to Europe and Asia to absorb their growing output and prevent domestic prices from plunging as a result of oversupply.
Between 2015 and 2020, U.S. gas production grew roughly twice as fast (4.3% per year on average) as consumption (2.3% per year), according to data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration.
Some of the excess has been used to replace previous imports, but the rest has been exported by pipeline or as LNG, to markets in the Americas, Europe, the Middle East and Asia.
LNG exports surged to almost 67 billion cubic metres in 2020, up from less than 1 billion cubic metres in 2015, and were rapidly catching up with pipeline exports to Canada and Mexico.
Outbound LNG shipments accounted for more than 7% of all domestic gas production last year, and by the end of the year the proportion had reached 10% for the first time.
The fastest growth for U.S. LNG has been to markets in Europe and Asia, with smaller increases to the Americas and the Middle East.
Between 2016 and 2020, annual exports to Asia increased by 22 billion cubic metres, while shipments to Europe rose by 20 billion cubic metres.
In international markets, U.S. gas competes with LNG from Qatar, Australia and Russia; pipeline gas from Russia and Central Asia to Europe and East Asia; and coal and other fuels used for power generation and heating.
As a result, securing access to export markets has become a top priority for the gas industry as well as U.S. diplomats.
LNG exports contribute to energy security in allied countries while providing employment in the United States.
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