据国际能源机构（IEA）7月22日消息称，2022年第一季度与2021第一季度相比，美国53家勘探和生产公司均报告了收入、原材料和劳动力成本增加。
IEA的分析基于53家公开上市石油公司的财务报告，这些公司在美国生产大部分原油。因此，这个观察结果并不代表整个行业，因为分析不包括不发布财务报告的私营公司。2022年第一季度，这53家上市公司在美国的原油总产量为每天390万桶，约占该季度美国原油总产量的34%。
2022年第一季度，西得克萨斯中质原油（WTI）平均价格为每桶95.18美元，比2021第一季度上涨64%，比2021第四季度上涨23%。2022年第一季度，这些公司的经营活动产生的现金总额为257亿美元，比2021第一季度高86%，比2021第四季度低9%。尽管收入增加（应收账款增加了88亿美元，增幅异常之高），但客户尚未支付的交付货物的到期余额导致季度经营活动产生的现金减少。
2022年第一季度，这些公司的资本支出同比增长近一倍，达到146亿美元。这些公司报告称，2022年第二季度的资本支出比第一季度下降了5%。与2021第四季度相比，原油产量保持平稳，尽管比去年第一季度高出10%。与大流行前水平相比，2022年第一季度的产量比2020年第一季度低10%。
尽管原油价格上涨增加了2022年第一季度的收入，但供应链问题和对冲造成的财务损失导致成本增加。今年第一季度，销售商品成本、运营费用和生产税等生产费用总计为每桶油当量28.06美元，比疫情前的平均水平高出59%，是过去五年任何一个季度的最高水平。销售商品成本（包括直接用于生产的材料和劳动力成本）比疫情前的平均水平增加了一倍多。
梁金燕 摘译自 国际能源署网站
原文如下：
Public U.S. oil producers saw higher revenues and higher operational costs during Q1 2022
In the first quarter of 2022, 53 U.S. exploration and production companies reported both higher revenues and higher material and labor costs compared with the first quarter of 2021.
We base our analysis on the published financial reports of 53 publicly traded oil companies that produce a majority of their crude oil in the United States. As a result, our observations do not represent the sector as a whole because the analysis does not include private companies that do not publish financial reports. In the first quarter of 2022, these 53 publicly traded companies collectively produced 3.9 million barrels per day (b/d) of crude oil in the United States, or about 34% of all U.S. crude oil produced in the quarter.
The West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil price averaged $95.18 per barrel (b) during the first quarter of 2022, up 64% from the first quarter of 2021 and up 23% from the fourth quarter of 2021. Cash from operations for these companies totaled $25.7 billion during the first quarter of 2022, which was 86% more than in the first quarter of 2021 and 9% less than in the fourth quarter of 2021. Despite higher revenues (an unusually high $8.8 billion increase in accounts receivable), the balance due for delivered goods not yet paid for by customers contributed to the quarterly decrease in cash from operations.
Capital expenditures by these companies nearly doubled year over year to reach $14.6 billion during the first quarter of 2022. These companies reported a 5% decline in capital expenditures in second-quarter 2022 compared with the first quarter. Production of crude oil remained flat compared with the fourth quarter of 2021, although it was 10% higher than in the first quarter of last year. Compared with pre-pandemic levels, production in the first quarter of 2022 was 10% less than in the first quarter of 2020.
Although rising crude oil prices increased revenues during the first quarter of 2022, supply chain issues and financial losses from hedging contributed to increased costs. Production expenses, such as the cost of goods sold, operating expenses, and production taxes, totaled $28.06 per barrel of oil equivalent in the first quarter of this year, 59% more than the pre-pandemic average and the highest for any quarter during the past five years. Cost of goods sold, which includes the cost of materials and labor directly used in production, have more than doubled from the pre-pandemic average.
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